Systematic reviews and meta-analysis combine results and analysis of data from different primary studies (e.g. cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies) conducted on similar or related research topics. They are secondary studies that guide clinical decision-making, delivery of care and policy development. This article aims to discuss how to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. The steps in conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis include: 1) Identify the purpose including formulating the research question and validating the purpose of the literature scan, 2) Formulate the objectives, 3) Literature search including selection of studies based on population, intervention, comparison and outcome, 4) Retrieval of full text articles, 5) Critical appraisal of articles, 6) Data extraction, 7) Data analysis and 8) Writing the final report. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is a useful guide in conducting and write systematic review and meta-analysis. While ethics approval is not usually required for systematic review and meta-analysis, authors of such study should still observe good practices including avoiding plagiarism, maintaining transparency and ensuring data accuracy.<\/p>\n
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