{"id":3718,"date":"2022-07-18T06:34:21","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T06:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/?post_type=abstract&p=3718"},"modified":"2022-07-18T06:34:21","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T06:34:21","slug":"risk-factors-that-patients-should-avoid","status":"publish","type":"abstract","link":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/abstract\/risk-factors-that-patients-should-avoid\/","title":{"rendered":"Risk Factors that Patients Should Avoid"},"content":{"rendered":"

Risk Factors that Patients Should Avoid<\/h2><\/div>

Geannagail O. Anuran, MD, DFM; Jane Eflyn Lardizabal-Bunyi, MD, FÂ鶹ֱ²¥ and Noel L. Espallardo, MD, FÂ鶹ֱ²¥<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

View Full Text<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

A risk factor increases a person\u2019s susceptibility to developing a disease. This can be a particular patient characteristic (e.g., obesity for heart disease), patient behavior (e.g., cigarette smoking for lung cancer), or a specific drug intervention (e.g., steroid intake for myopathy). Observational studies like case-control or cohort study designs are commonly used when evaluating the harmful effect of an exposure. Family and community medicine practitioners should always take the opportunity to advice patients regarding these risk factors to promote wellness and enhance primary care.<\/p>\n

Appraisal<\/strong><\/p>\n

Relevance<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Is the objective of the article on risk factor addressing the clinical dilemma?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Validity<\/em><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Were there clearly identified comparison groups?<\/li>\n
    2. Were the exposures and outcomes measured in the same way in the groups compared?<\/li>\n
    3. Was there a temporal relationship and follow-up sufficiently long and complete?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Results <\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. What is the magnitude of the association between risk factor and outcome?<\/li>\n
      2. Was the estimate statistically significant and dose response gradient present?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Applicability <\/em><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Are the study patients similar to my own?<\/li>\n
        2. Should I attempt to stop the exposure?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Key words<\/strong>: Evidence-based family practice, risk factor, cohort study, case-control study<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,23],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-3718","abstract","type-abstract","status-publish","hentry","category-abstract","category-abstract-2022-volume-60-issue1","tag-abstract"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/abstract\/3718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/abstract"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/abstract"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/abstract\/3718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3720,"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/abstract\/3718\/revisions\/3720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepafp.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}